What is the difference between elevator gearless & geared traction machine?

The main differences between gearless and geared elevators traction machine are in the structure and working principle.

Traction Machine Structure:

• Geared Elevators: The main unit consists of electric motor, gear reduction box and brake device. The structure of the gear box can be included worm gears, planetary gears or bevel gears, etc.
• Gearless Elevators: The main unit consists of electric motor and brake device without gear reduction box. The motor can be a DC motor or an AC permanent magnet synchronous motor.

Operation Method and Noise:

• Geared Elevators: Typically use traditional steel ropes and pulleys. The motor drives the gears to rotate, and the gears in the gear box pull the steel ropes, moving the elevator car up and down. There is noise generated from the gear rotation during operation.
• Gearless Elevators: Use magnetic levitation technology, eliminating the traditional pulleys and steel ropes. The motor is directly connected to the elevator car, driving it up and down. There is no noise from gear rotation, resulting in smooth and low-noise operation.

Comparison of Advantages and Disadvantages:

Gearless Elevators:

• Advantages: Smooth operation, low noise, environmentally friendly.
• Disadvantages: Higher cost, higher maintenance costs.

Technological Development and Market Applications:

Gearless Elevators: Due to the significant energy-saving and environmental advantages of permanent magnet synchronous gearless technology, most elevator products on the market now use this technology. Gearless traction machines are typically composed of permanent magnet synchronous motors, which have high torque density and compact size.

Geared Elevators: Due to technical and cost reasons, some manufacturers still use geared traction machines with worm gears, particularly in medical elevators and freight elevators, where large load capacities and high speeds are required.

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